Longitudinal analysis is a research method that involves studying the same participants or subjects over an extended period of time, often collecting data at multiple time points. This approach allows researchers to track changes and developments in individuals or groups over time, providing insight into how behaviors, attitudes, or outcomes evolve and are influenced by various factors. Longitudinal analysis is frequently used in fields such as psychology, sociology, public health, and education to explore patterns of growth, stability, or decline in individuals or populations. By following individuals over time, researchers can also examine causal relationships and identify factors that contribute to change or stability in certain outcomes.